It is difficult to contact the target market. Others think that great taste is achieved through rebellion of all These images do not provide sufficient detail for structures such as the osteomeatal complex. In particular, more detailed images are needed when endoscopic surgery is to be performed. As in the olfactory system, somatosensory sensations (e.g., stinging, burning, cooling and sharpness) can be induced by many foods (e.g., hot peppers) through trigeminal nerve fibers in the tongue and oral cavity. Scanning with thin cuts (5 mm) is useful in identifying bony structures in the ethmoid, cribiform plate and olfactory cleft, as well as the temporal bone in proximity to cranial nerve VII or chorda tympani nerves; however, CT scanning is less effective than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in defining soft tissue disease.23,29 The use of intravenous contrast media helps to better identify vascular lesions, tumors, abscess cavities and meningeal or parameningeal processes. For example, marinating chicken in chicken-flavored bouillon may increase the palatability of the meat. Smell and taste disorders are common in the general population, with loss of smell occurring more frequently. Deficits of these senses can adversely affect food choice and intake, especially in the elderly, and have been implicated in weight loss, malnutrition, impaired immunity and worsening of medical illness.3,4 Patients frequently report increased use of sugar and salt to compensate for diminished senses of smell and taste,5,6 a practice that is detrimental to those with diabetes mellitus or hypertension. The nasal turbinates are also important because they provide moderate resistance and a moist environment, thereby allowing optimal stimulation of olfactory neurons by airborne compounds.11,12. WebThis can be avoided by presenting the samples randomly (e.g. Gadolinium enhancement is useful for detecting dural or leptomeningeal involvement at the skull base. A taste test can be as simple as comparing tap and bottled water. A detailed history is generally the best screening tool. Another mechanism of taste loss is damage to one or more of the neural pathways innervating the taste buds (e.g., subsequent to viral Bell's palsy or dental or surgical procedures). Olfactory disorders are more likely to be treated successfully when the patient has a reversible cause of intranasal interference such as nasal polyps, rhinitis, allergies or mechanical blockage.16 Because inflammatory nasal disease results in swelling of the olfactory clefts and the release of inflammatory mediators that likely alter the olfactory mucosa, the use of corticosteroids topically (e.g., aqueous nasal spray) or systemically (e.g., oral prednisone) may be helpful. Patients with persistent smell and taste complaints that are refractory to standard treatment and significantly impair their quality of life may need to be referred to an otolaryngologist, a neurologist or a subspecialist at a smell and taste center (Table 5). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (notably captopril [Capoten]) are among the medications most commonly associated with taste disturbances, including decreased sense of taste (hypogeusia) and a strongly metallic, bitter or sweet taste.6 Excessive dryness of the oral cavity is a common side effect of a number of medications (e.g., anticholinergics, antidepressants, antihistamines) and disease states (e.g., Sjgren's syndrome, xerostomia, diabetes mellitus). Intermittent olfactory loss may suggest an inflammatory process rather than a sensorineural lesion (Table 4).
