Just 20 years old, Alexander claimed the Macedonian throne and killed his rivals before they could challenge his sovereignty. Disheartened by the state of his health, Calanus told Alexander that he decided that he wanted to commit suicide before his medical problems worsened. The legend of this painting, "Alexander cutting the Gordian Knot," is that in 333 B.C. From Phrada, Alexander pressed on during the winter of 330329 up the valley of the Helmand River, through Arachosia, and over the mountains past the site of modern Kbul into the country of the Paropamisadae, where he founded Alexandria by the Caucasus. Already in . In midsummer 330 Alexander set out for the eastern provinces at a high speed via Rhagae (modern Rayy, near Tehrn) and the Caspian Gates, where he learned that Bessus, the satrap of Bactria, had deposed Darius. He developed a life-long love of reading and music.When Alexander was ateenager, his father hired Aristotle to be his private tutor.He studiedwith Aristotle for three years andfrom Aristotles teachings, Alexander developed a love of science, particularlyofmedicine and botany.Alexander includedbotanists and scientistsin his armyto study the lands he conquered. Livius.org.The Sacred Band of Thebes, from Plutarch, Life of Pelopidas. Roxana then gave birth to Alexander IV, who became the crown prince of Macedonia. As it became clear Alexander would win the Battle of Issus, Darius fled with what remained of his troops, leaving his wife and family behind. Again and again, Tyrian forces thwarted Alexanders clever attempts to gain entry, and he realized he needed a strong navy to penetrate their defenses. The young king won his first war against the Persian and Greek forces. Alexander wanted to press on and attempt to conquer all of India, but his war-weary soldiers refused, and his officers convinced him to return to Persia. As the story goes, Alexander took on the challenge but was unable to unravel the knot by hand. To ensure that her son would claim the throne, Roxana killed both of Alexanders other wives and their children. Alexander the Great, the ancient Macedonian ruler, is known as one of the greatest military strategists in history. Alexander the Great, also known as Alexander III or Alexander of Macedonia, (born 356 bce, Pella, Macedonia [northwest of Thessalonki, Greece]died June 13, 323 bce, Babylon [near Al-illah, Iraq]), king of Macedonia (336-323 bce), who overthrew the Persian empire, carried Macedonian arms to India, and laid the foundations for the Hellenistic world of territorial kingdoms. In spring 324 he was back in Susa, capital of Elam and administrative centre of the Persian empire; the story of his journey through Carmania in a drunken revel, dressed as Dionysus, is embroidered, if not wholly apocryphal. His son was the final person known to have visited the tomb and was also known to have looted the tomb.
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