Eur J Futur Res 6(1). This deficit model has been much critiqued and resulted in the third paradigm of a rather equal science and society relation. It provides a review of the literature on theory and practice of PASE activities, summarises the topical collections contributions regarding current international cases and analyses respective PASE limits and benefits, thereby promoting its conceptual and practical understanding. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2010.10.002, Bogner A (2011) The paradox of participation experiments. [84] describe how an effective process of scientific and local knowledge sharing took place within the agenda setting activities. Policy tools or instruments a set of techniques by which governmental authorities wield power in attempting to support and effect change (Vedung, Citation1997) are central to the policy sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-016-9782-1, van Oost E, Kuhlmann S, Ordez-Matamoros G, Stegmaier P (2016) Futures of science with and for society: towards transformative policy orientations. This section shortly summarises the diverse contributions to the topical collection. [82] find that facilitating the adaptation and translation of issues and concepts for specific target audiences is a key step that should receive greater attention in multi-stage processes. Health research priority setting is arguably required by the judiciary when state interests are at stake, for example in the promotion of health equity [49]. The first two paradigms were characterised by attributing knowledge and attitude deficiencies to the public, rendering it incapable of understanding science, with the result of limited appreciation for and raising fears of science (and technology). the organisers agency or normativity, unreflected power relations within or insufficient inclusiveness of the process, a lack of skills and resources as well as inadequate quality of the results. Examining outputs of a multi-step method of expert interviews and a science caf setting, the authors conclude that a mutually responsive engagement of laypeople and experts can serve for successfully mapping societal concerns and knowledge needs in emerging research fields. Google Scholar, Wittmayer JM, Schpke N (2014) Action, research and participation: roles of researchers in sustainability transitions. Here, specific focus is given to what knowledge and questions patients and the public value most when becoming experts for their own health care experiences [39]Footnote 2. That is; how the media manufactures information (by gathering, processing, andpackaging it), and presenting it to the mass audience in a way that they will such iformation as more important than others. Int J Soc Ecol Sustain Dev 1(1):4169. Enabling mutual learning and reflexivity lays the foundation for (knowledge) co-creation [93,94,95,96]. Visions as outcomes of a participatory social foresight were translated into scenarios which were illustrated by speculative design artefacts, followed by a participatory needs assessment regarding technological innovations in three rural areas across Germany.
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